Favorable Impact of Community Adherence Support Groups on Retention in Care and Viral Suppression Rates among Persons with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Mozambique.

Abstract

Community adherence support groups (CASG) was one of the first differentiated service delivery (DSD) models introduced in Mozambique. This study assessed the impact of this model on retention in care, loss-to-follow-up, and viral suppression among antiretroviral therapy-treated adults in Mozambique. A retrospective cohort study included CASG-eligible adults enrolled between April 2012 and October 2017 at 123 health facilities in Zambézia province. Propensity-score matchings (1:1 ratio) were used to allocate CASG members and those who never enrolled in a CASG. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the impact of CASG membership on 6- and 12-month retention and viral load suppression. Cox proportional regression was used to model differences in loss to follow-up (LTFU). Data from 26,858 patients were included. The median age at CASG eligibility was 32 years, 75% were female, with 84% residing in rural areas. A total of 93% and 90% of CASG members were retained in care at 6 and 12 months, respectively, while 77% and 66% non-CASG members were retained during the same periods. The odds of being retained in care at 6- and 12-months were significantly higher among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy via CASG support (aOR = 4.19 [95% CI: 3.79-4.63], p<0.001, and aOR = 4.43 [95% CI: 4.01-4.90], p<0.001, respectively). Among 7,674 patients with available viral load measurements, the odds of being virally suppressed was higher among CASG members (aOR = 1.14 [95% CI: 1.02-1.28], p<0.001. Non-CASG members had a significantly higher likelihood of being LTFU (aHR = 3.45 [95% CI: 3.20-3.73], p<0.001).While Mozambique rapidly scales up multi-month drug dispensation as the preferred DSD model, this study emphasizes the continued importance of CASG as an efficacious DSD alternative, especially among patients residing in rural areas, where CASG acceptability is higher.