Abstract
The health condition of mangrove forests can be determined by assessing forest health indicators. One of the indicators used in determining the health of mangrove forests is faunal biodiversity. Measurement of forest health is a step that can be taken to ensure forest functions and benefits. The study's objectives were to determine the composition of mangrove species and mangrove forest fauna (birds and epifauna), to determine the structure of the fauna community which includes species diversity and species dominance and to determine the health condition of mangrove forests on Moti Island, Ternate Island District. This research was conducted on Moti Island, Moti District, Ternate City, North Maluku Province for six months, April - September 2021. A Sampling of mangroves was carried out using the "spot check" method. Meanwhile, the method used to assess mangroves' health condition refers to the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method. There are nine species of mangrove, namely Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Avicennia offincinalis, A. marina and Nypa fruticans. While the composition of fauna species is as many as 18 species consisting of Epifauna (Gastropoda = 12 species, Bivalve = 2 species) and birds as many as four species. The diversity of mangrove forest fauna species in all research locations is moderate and no species dominate. The health status of mangrove forests, both Tafaga and Figur villages, has 60% good condition, 20% moderate and poor conditions.
Highlights
Hutan mangrove merupakan tumbuhan yang dipengaruhi pasang surut dan tolerans terhadap salinitas, lama penggenangan dan substrat
The health condition of mangrove forests can be determined by assessing forest health indicators
of the indicators used in determining the health of mangrove forests is fauna biodiversity
Summary
Komposisi jenis mangrove lebih tinggi pada famili Rhizophoraceae yaitu 4 jenis dan terendah pada Sonneratiaceae, Meliaceae dan Arecaceae masing-masing sebanya 1 jenis. Perbedaan komposisi jenis disebabkan oleh kecocokan habitat dan kegiatan antropogenik yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Famili Rhizophoraceae ditemukan pada substrat lumpur, pasir, pasir bercampur patahan karang dan lumpur berpasir. Rhizophora mucronata merupakan vegetasi dominan pada substrat berlumpur dalam, sedangkan berlumpur dangkal di dominasi oleh Rhizophora apiculata dan Bruguiera sp. Rhizophora stylosa dominan pada substrat pasir bercampur karang mati. Aktivitas antropogenik merupakan faktor dalam menentukan kehidupan dan kelestarian ekosistem mangrove. Kelurahan Tafaga berupa pengambilan kayu bakar, bahan bangunan, pendaratan perahu, konversi lahan sebagai jalan raya dan pemukiman. Sedangkan di Kelurahan Figur pengambilan kayu bakar, bahan bangunan dan pendaratan perahu. Kerusakan mangrove selain faktor alamiah (bio-fisik) juga disebabkan oleh aktivitas antropogenik berupa pengambilan kayu bakar, bahan bangunan, aksesoris rumah tangga dan pembuangan sampah. Komposisi dan distribusi jenis fauna hutan mangrove disajikan pada tabel 2
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