Fault tolerant deterministic secure quantum communication using logical Bell states against collective noise**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61272501, 61272514, 61170272, 61472048, 61402058, 61121061, and 61411146001), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (Grant No. NCET-13-0681), the National Development Foundation for Cryptological Research (Grant No. MMJJ201401012), the Fok Ying Tong

Abstract

This study proposes two novel fault tolerant deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) schemes resistant to collective noise using logical Bell states. Either DSQC scheme is constructed based on a new coding function, which is designed by exploiting the property of the corresponding logical Bell states immune to collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise, respectively. The secret message can be encoded by two simple unitary operations and decoded by merely performing Bell measurements, which can make the proposed scheme more convenient in practical applications. Moreover, the strategy of one-step quanta transmission, together with the technique of decoy logical qubits checking not only reduces the influence of other noise existing in a quantum channel, but also guarantees the security of the communication between two legitimate users. The final analysis shows that the proposed schemes are feasible and robust against various well-known attacks over the collective noise channel.