Fault Section Recognition within Duration of Power Swing Using Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator and Sequence Components

Abstract

Relaying operation is not reliable during power swing due to the presence of additional lower-frequency components of electrical signals. Relay operation is prohibited during Power swing blocking (PSB) operation to restrict the malfunctioning of the distance relay. During such periods, fault section identification (FSI) schemes need to work for safeguarding the electrical power system from disturbances. Fault detection and fault direction estimation are part of FSI. This article proposes a protection algorithm within the period of power swing where a Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) of superimposed negative sequence admittance (SNSA) is utilized for fault detection and an integrated scheme for determining their direction. In this integrated direction estimation approach, the direction of fault is recognized by calculating the phases of negative sequence admittance (NSA) and positive sequence admittance (PSA). The proposed technique is verified and tested on a WSCC 9-bus, 400 kV, 50 Hz system for different balanced and unbalanced fault cases with different fault conditions. Even, in some scenarios like CT saturation and single pole tripping (SPT), the proposed approach performs accurately. The results are simulated using EMTDC/PSCAD software.