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Abstract
There is significant potential for an increase in the use of kilowatt-class small wind turbines (SWTs) in Japan due to reduced limitations with respect to installation, despite their high cost. At this stage, the Japanese grid code has not been considered sufficiently with respect to grid-connected SWTs, and the addition of fault ride-through (FRT) requirements for SWTs has been requested. Moreover, the FRT of SWTs is challenging to achieve owing to the low inertia constants when compared with those of large-scale wind turbines, which result in significant acceleration of the rotor speed and an increase in the input voltage of the power conditioning system (PCS) during FRT operation. In this study, FRT field tests were conducted on SWT systems against a voltage dip with a duration of ~1 s, and it was confirmed that the SWT systems satisfied the FRT requirements for photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to low-voltage distribution lines in Japan. The behaviors of the rotational speed of the SWTs and the PCS input voltage in an FRT operation were then analyzed, and it was noted that the increase in the PCS input voltage with the overspeed of the turbine can reach the upper limit and make the PCS cease operation, which indicates failure of the FRT. The overvoltage, therefore, requires restriction using a method such as pitch control, furling, and electrical and/or mechanical brakes.
Highlights
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the installation of grid-connected dispersed generators
To further discuss the type certification system and grid code, it is important to understand the behaviors of the rotational speed of the scale wind turbines (SWTs) and the power conditioning system (PCS) input voltage of such SWT systems equipped with commercial PCSs during short-term grid faults, and to confirm that the PCSs satisfy the fault ride-through (FRT) requirements under drastic variation of the input voltage
The results presented above confirm that the SWT system with the 1-kW SWTs satisfied the FRT requirements for PV systems connected to low-voltage distribution lines
Summary
There has been a significant increase in the installation of grid-connected dispersed generators. Because the existing conditions increase the labor cost of both utilities and manufacturers of SWTs, the development of a type certification system and the revision of the grid code are under consideration In this discussion, the fault ride-through (FRT). In Japan, the FRT requirements are imposed on PV power systems for all voltage levels, in addition to large-scale wind turbines [5]. To further discuss the type certification system and grid code, it is important to understand the behaviors of the rotational speed of the SWTs and the PCS input voltage of such SWT systems equipped with commercial PCSs during short-term grid faults, and to confirm that the PCSs satisfy the FRT requirements under drastic variation of the input voltage.
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