Fault Location Techniques Based on Traveling Waves with Application in the Protection of Distribution Systems with Renewable Energy and Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract

AbstractThe inclusion of targets for reducing carbon emissions by governments at the global level requires greater deployment of renewable energy in generation planning, implying further development in electric energy transmission and distribution systems. As a result, there are benefits in the environmental area, but it imposes greater technological development due to the system’s characteristics related to inertia, stability and more unpredictability. The inclusion of power inverters in distributed generation, microgrids and renewable generation, differs from conventional generation. This shows greater predictability when planning protection systems. The behavior of these new generation technologies under fault conditions contains characteristics that differ from those of conventional rotating machines, since the most recent generation interacts with the inverter interface. Causing the inclusion of optimization for how the protection acts in the electric power system. The precise location being determined as well as the fault type imposes more effective system reset time, greater reliability and cost-effectiveness. Several methodologies are used to protect the electrical power system. Therefore, some fault determination methods based on traveling waves in distribution systems are analyzed in this research, as well as the influence of distributed generation with renewable energy in the formation of faults in energy systems, imposing differentials in selectivity when compared to conventional systems of distribution. Fault location methods based on traveling waves are paramount due to their precision and ultra-fast location capability. The extraction of essential information comes from the efficient use of signal processing methods, as traveling wave transients act at high frequency. In future applications for the protection of energy systems consisting of smart grids, microgrids and active distribution systems, protection techniques based on traveling waves demonstrate an enormous potential for technological development. The system acting with standardization implies more reliability for dynamic energy networks. Due to the ideal and imprecise determination of fault in the determination of the electricity distribution network, when the DG (distributed generation) accesses using the traditional BPSO (binary particle swarm optimization) and an IBPSO (binary particle swarm optimization) enters in the process of analysis to determine the location of the fault. First, the establishment of the fault location model, which mainly contains the accurate coding mode, the enhanced switching function and the enhanced tuning function, is performed. So, BPSO gets enhancement, which has the inertial weight in the algorithm with adaptive capability, so that the particle gets better. Fault location with location approximations in DG distribution networks (distributed generation) is defined using traditional BPSO (binary particle swarm optimization), with this, improvements of the location method lead to a more accurate response solving constrained-optimization problems (COPs) linked to research.KeywordsParticle swarm optimizationFault locationTraveling wavesDistributed generationRenewable energy