Fault diagnosis, service restoration, and data loss mitigation through multi-agent system in a smart power distribution grid

Abstract

ABSTRACT Smart power distribution grid is equipped with different sensors and smart meters for getting measurements at different nodes. Additionally, for monitoring and control purpose Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are also installed. On the occurrence of fault in the grid, power utility implement a Fault Detection, Isolation and Restoration (FDIR) scheme to restore the power in healthy section of the network, this process is known as Service Restoration (SR). In the existing scenario, a centralized control scheme is used for monitoring and control of distribution grid. This control scheme is slow in terms of deployment of FDIR plan. So, the authors propose a multi-agent-based de-centralized control scheme for FDIR. For this multi-agent system, different agents are defined to perform tasks of fault detection, fault isolation, and restoration. Also, the aspect of communication among agents is presented and to tackle data loss problem, a Compressive Sensing (CS) based technique is applied. A novel Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach is proposed for fault classification. For SR, a Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) based method is used and is validated through its application for different fault scenarios in an IEEE 69 bus test system. Also, for testing of data loss mitigation agent, a real-time Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data is taken. The whole framework is designed in a python-based Smart Python Agent Development Environment (SPADE) and the related computation is done using MATLAB.