Abstract
Fault diagnostics and prognosis are vital functions of engineering systems, mainly fault prognosis, which is a relatively novel area and requires further development. By applying these methods, the system can be enriched with the ability to detect and isolate faults before they result in failures; in addition, fault propagation can be predicted, and maintenance can be considered to reduce the risk of severe failure. This paper focuses on the problem of satellite formation fault diagnosis and prognosis in the literature. Multi-satellite networks that cooperate as multi-agent systems are primarily used to implement cutting-edge technologies and improve future Earth and space observing missions. Space systems constantly encounter numerous failures due to the hazards and challenges of the space environment that need to be tackled. The current starts with an overview of the main concepts and motivations behind the deployment of small satellites in constellation settings and the detection and prediction of their faults. Next, recent papers on fault diagnosis and prognosis of single and multiple agent(s) or satellite(s), working individually or in collaboration, are reviewed. Comprehensive comparisons and categorization of the reviewed literature are included throughout the paper leading to existing research gaps for future work.
Highlights
Multi-Agent System (MAS) refers to the concept that several vehicles work together to meet the objective of a much more complex single vehicle
The distributed architecture that allows each satellite to communicate with its neighbour makes interagent communication more feasible due to constraints associated with space missions, such as large numbers of small satellites, the location of actuators, the limitation of sensors, and limited wireless ranges
The constant comparison of outputs generated by the sensors (y(t)) with outputs derived by the state estimation filter algorithms (ŷ(t)) can develop an output residual that indicates the presence of the fault by comparing the residual with a threshold
Summary
Multi-Agent System (MAS) refers to the concept that several vehicles work together to meet the objective of a much more complex single vehicle. By considering the example of satellite formation flying (SFF), we can see multiple small satellites cooperate to reach the goals of one larger, more equipped, and more expensive satellite. This area has become one of the most renowned research subjects among many complex systems to be simplified and effective. Satellite systems are continuously under threat of various failures, such as structural degradation, sensor faults, actuator faults, connection loss, or component damage, due to the dangers and challenges of the unknown space environment. The fault diagnosis for detecting and isolating failures source and fault prognosis for predicting the future behaviour of faulty components can be considered the vital role of space systems' health management process.
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