Abstract
Research on fault detection (FD) and condition monitoring (CM) of rotating electrical generators for modern wind turbines has addressed a wide variety of technologies. Among these, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) and the analysis of their electromagnetic signatures in the presence of faults deserve emphasis in this paper. PMSGs are prominent in the offshore wind industry, and methods for FD and CM of PMSGs based on electromagnetic measurements are extensively discussed in academia. This paper is a concise review of FD and CM in wind turbines and PMSGs. Terminology and fundamentals of PMSG’s operation are introduced first, aiming to offer an easy read and good reference to a broad audience of engineers and data scientists. Experience and research challenges with stator winding failures are also discussed.
Highlights
The reduction of energy prices and carbon emissions is vital for the modern world that needs to cut poverty and stop global warming
The generator is a reliable component of a wind turbine, but its failure causes long downtimes and high economic losses, which serves as motivation for developing condition monitoring (CM) methods
The paper is divided into ten sections: Section 2—FD and CM terminology; Section 3— methods adopted and proposed for CM of Wind turbines (WTs); Section 4—direct drive technology for WTs; Section 5—analysis of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) faults; Section 6—offline testing of PMSGs; Section 7— online fault detection for PMSGs; Section 8—condition monitoring of PMSGs; Section 9— experience with stator winding faults; Section 10—fault-tolerant PMSGs; and Section 11— conclusions and research directions
Summary
The reduction of energy prices and carbon emissions is vital for the modern world that needs to cut poverty and stop global warming. Wind turbines (WTs) are an important contributor towards energy production free of CO2, and associated condition monitoring systems have a key role in their availability, driving the reduction of the cost of energy. The direct drive technology has assumed an important role in the wind offshore industry with low speed and high torque permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in fields of fault detection (FD) and condition monitoring (CM) of PMSGs for wind turbine applications. The paper is divided into ten sections: Section 2—FD and CM terminology; Section 3— methods adopted and proposed for CM of WTs; Section 4—direct drive technology for WTs; Section 5—analysis of PMSG faults; Section 6—offline testing of PMSGs; Section 7— online fault detection for PMSGs; Section 8—condition monitoring of PMSGs; Section 9— experience with stator winding faults; Section 10—fault-tolerant PMSGs; and Section 11— conclusions and research directions
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