Abstract
Power systems are becoming more and more complex in nature due to the integration of several power electronic devices. Protection of such systems and augmentation of reliability as well as stability highly depend on limiting the fault currents. Several fault current limiters (FCLs) have been applied in power systems as they provide rapid and efficient fault current limitation. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of the application of different types of FCLs in power systems. Applications of superconducting and non-superconducting FCLs are categorized as: (1) application in generation, transmission and distribution networks; (2) application in alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) systems; (3) application in renewable energy resources integration; (4) application in distributed generation (DG); and (5) application for reliability, stability and fault ride through capability enhancement. Modeling, impact and control strategies of several FCLs in power systems are presented with practical implementation cases in different countries. Recommendations are provided to improve the performance of the FCLs in power systems with modification of its structures, optimal placement and proper control design. This review paper will be a good foundation for researchers working in power system stability issues and for industry to implement the ongoing research advancement in real systems.
Highlights
Nowadays, the transmission lines of power systems are being stressed to transfer larger amounts of power, much closer to their thermal limit, than were considered when built
The integration of several renewable energy resources, including large-scale wind farms, into the existing grid is a great challenge for power system researchers
The electric networks are vulnerable to alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) faults and sophisticated protection apparatus and procedures need to be developed to avoid costly or even irremediable damage
Summary
The transmission lines of power systems are being stressed to transfer larger amounts of power, much closer to their thermal limit, than were considered when built. The integration of several renewable energy resources, including large-scale wind farms, into the existing grid is a great challenge for power system researchers. It increases the complexity of the electric networks with an inherently high short circuit rate. The electric networks are vulnerable to AC/DC faults and sophisticated protection apparatus and procedures need to be developed to avoid costly or even irremediable damage. Current limiting reactors are used in power systems for limiting short circuit currents and avoiding damage to the power system due to excessive fault currents. Current limiting reactors have impedance during normal operation of the system [1]
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