Abstract
This paper proposed a fault type classification algorithm in a distribution system consisting of multiple distributed generations (DGs). The study also discussed the changing of signal characteristics in the distribution system with DGs during the occurrence of different fault types. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-based signal processing has been used to construct a classification algorithm and a decision tree to classify fault types. The input data for the algorithm is extracted from the three-phase current signal under normal conditions and during fault occurrence. These signals are recorded from the substation, load, and DG bus. The performance of the proposed classifying algorithm has been tested on a simulation system that was modeled after part of Thailand’s 22 kV distribution system, with a 2-MW wind power generation as the DG, connected to the distribution line by PSCAD software. The parameters that were taken into consideration consisted of the fault type, location of the fault, location of DG(s), and the number of DGs, to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm under various conditions. The result of the simulation indicated significant changes in current signal characteristics when installing DGs. In addition, the proposed algorithm has achieved a satisfactory accuracy in terms of identifying and classifying fault types when applied to a distribution system with multiple DGs.
Highlights
Energy consumption has become a major issue for many governments around the globe in recent decades
Distributed Generation (DG) is a term used to describe the technologies that generate electricity from a renewable energy source at or near the point of use, according to the definition by the International Energy Agency [1]. This type of generation can change the nature of power systems from centralized generation (CG), with a large-scale power plant located at an energy source transmitting power over a long distance to the customer, to distributed generation (DG), that consists of small-scale power generation using renewable energy sources located at the customer level [2]
The distribution system used in the study is modeled after part of the 22 kV distribution system connected with wind power generation located in the northern part of Thailand
Summary
Energy consumption has become a major issue for many governments around the globe in recent decades. The rapid rise in the penetration level of DGs in the distribution system can provide a positive benefit in terms of the environment and accessibility to the electrical market for small-scale providers and customers This trend changes the character of the distribution system and affects the performance of the conventional protection system, which designs with the assumption of a specific load–flow direction. The connection of DGs to the distribution system can affect electrical characteristics such as voltage, current, and power during normal conditions and fault occurrence The reason for this is that, during fault occurrence, DGs can still generate power and feed current into the fault location, resulting in a significant rise in the load current [3].
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