FAULT AND TOP SEAL INTEGRITY AT RELAYS AND INTERSECTIONS USING A 3D DISTINCT ELEMENT CODE

Abstract

It has long been known that faults and horizon boundaries can greatly affect the magnitude and orientation of the in-situ rock stress state. Significant success has been shown in the geo-engineering disciplines, whereby geomechanical models have been built to model local stress fields generated by rock mass inhomogeneities.In this work 3DEC (3D) the discrete element code has been applied to model stress perturbations around three simple fault configurations, two relay configurations (relay ramp and horst structure) and one fault intersection. The results show rotation in the principal stress orientation and stress magnitudes of the regional stress field about the faults. The degree of rotation of the principal stress direction and the stress magnitude are dependant on the fault friction angle parameter, the angle of maximum principal stress to the fault plane and the ratio of maximum to minimum principal stress. The degree of perturbation is demonstrated graphically in the surrounding rock mass along the fault strike, the perturbation generated by the fault can be up to 1.4 times the magnitude of the maximum principal regional stress and is highly dependent on friction angle.Case studies are presented where this 3D numerical technique has been used to truly integrate risking methods on the fault plane and in the surrounding rock mass. Case study examples are given for the Otway Basin, South Australia and the Bonaparte Basin, Timor Sea, where these predictors can be applied to accurately identify high-risk reservoir seals.