Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly used in smart cities which involve multiple city services having quality of service (QoS) requirements. When misbehaving devices exist, the performance of current delivery protocols degrades significantly. Nonetheless, the majority of existing schemes either ignore the faulty behaviors’ variability and time-variance in city environments or focus on homogeneous traffic for traditional data services (simple text messages) rather than city services (health care units, traffic monitors, and video surveillance). We consider the problem of fault-aware multiservice delivery, in which the network performs secure routing and rate control in terms of fault activity dynamic metric. To this end, we first design a distributed framework to estimate the fault activity information based on the effects of nondeterministic faulty behaviors and to incorporate these estimates into the service delivery. Then we present a fault activity geographic opportunistic routing (FAGOR) algorithm addressing a wide range of misbehaviors. We develop a leaky-hop model and design a fault activity rate-control algorithm for heterogeneous traffic to allocate resources, while guaranteeing utility fairness among multiple city services. Finally, we demonstrate the significant performance of our scheme in routing performance, effective utility, and utility fairness in the presence of misbehaving sensors through extensive simulations.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been integrated with smart cities and play an important role in smart city by providing versatile applications through sensors
The source adjusts its flow rate on its route adaptively to compensate for data loss in our fault activity (FA)-utility optimal flow control (UOFC) algorithm, which takes into account the effect of misbehaving nodes in utility function and constraints
We investigate the performance of our proposed fault activity geographic opportunistic routing (FAGOR) protocol combined with fault activity-based utility optimal flow control (FA-UOFC) algorithm for WSNs in adversarial environments
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been integrated with smart cities and play an important role in smart city by providing versatile applications through sensors. We make each sensor establish novel metrics fault activity (FA) for modeling the stochastic state of being faulty in terms of statistical information about the probabilistic faulty nodes, which is utilized to select forwarding candidates for each hop and to allocate resource for each service. Based on FA-leaky-hop model, we formulate the problem of allocating rate among multiple services as a lossy flow optimization problem, namely, fault activity utility OFC, through maximizing the sum of relaxed utilities subject to the network constraints. (i) We design a distributed framework of fault activity information at each sensor to locally characterize the impact of the nondeterministic and dynamic faulty behaviors and to incorporate fault activity information into data delivery for multiple city services.
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