Fatty acid–binding protein-2 genotype influences lipid and lipoprotein response to eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in hypertriglyceridemic subjects

Abstract

Objective The blood lipid-lowering effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on hypertriglyceridemic subjects with different fatty acid–binding protein-2 (FABP2) genotypes have not, to our knowledge, been previously studied. Methods Twenty-three FABP2 Ala54 and 23 Thr54 carriers with hypertriglyceridemia (triacylglycerol level >200 mg/dL) were enrolled in this study. Participants took 2 g of pure EPA daily for 8 wk. Fasting blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles were determined and changes from baseline were measured. Results Blood lipids and lipoprotein responses of the FABP2 genotypes differed after EPA supplementation. Changes from baseline for triacylglycerol (19.2% decrease for Ala54 and 60.5% for Thr54, P < 0.001), very low-density lipoprotein (20.0% decrease for Ala54 and 60.5% for Thr54, P < 0.001), apolipoprotein CIII (22.8% decrease for Ala54 and 36.4% for Thr54, P < 0.01), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17.6% increase for Ala54 and 30.7% for Thr54, P < 0.01) differed significantly between the two carrier groups. However, changes in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B were not significant. EPA supplementation increased plasma EPA in Ala54 and Thr54 carriers. Although EPA supplementation increased the level of plasma EPA in both carrier groups, this effect was more pronounced in the Thr54 carriers. Conclusion Therefore, EPA consumption has more favorable effects on blood lipids of hypertriglyceridemics with Thr54 genotype rather than those with Ala54. The level of plasma EPA increases after EPA supplementation. Because the FABP2 Thr54 polymorphism appears to be prevalent in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, increasing EPA intake in these subjects could be an effective strategy for reducing blood triacylglycerol concentration.