Abstract
The proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profiles of five Brazilian freshwater fish species, namely Brycon cephalus (BC), Cichla ocellaris (CO), Prochilodus lineatus (PL), Leporinus friderici (LF) and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (PCO), were investigated. CO and LF exhibited the highest (p < 0.05) moisture content, as well as one of the lowest (p < 0.05) lipid values, whereas BC presented the lowest (p < 0.05) moisture and, alongside PL, the highest (p < 0.05) lipid content. The predominant FAs in the evaluated fish species were palmitic, oleic, linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids. BC and CO presented high n-3 PUFA content, especially DHA, and demonstrated superior nutritional quality indices compared to the other evaluated fish species. Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed among these species, suggesting they possess similar nutritional lipid values. Thus, BC and CO were proven to be an excellent matrix with relevant lipid quality, desirable for human health.
Highlights
Five fish species belonging to different freshwater families with distinct characteristics and feeding habits, namely deep water detritivorous fish with diurnal habits (Prochilodontidae family: Prochilodus lineatus (Curimbata)–PL) [29], shallow water omnivorous fish with diurnal habits (Bryconidae family: Brycon cephalus (Matrinxã)–BC and Anostomidae family: Leporinus friderici (Piau)–LF) [9,30], shallow water carnivorous fish with diurnal habits (Cichlidae family: Cichla ocellaris (Tucunare)–CO) [31] and deep water carnivorous fish with nocturnal habits (Pimelodidae family: Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Pintado)–PCO) [10], were obtained from Turvale fish farms in Firminopolis, Goias, Brazil (16 ̊ 340 55@ S, 50 ̊ 180 18@ W)
The highest (p < 0.05) fat content was found in BC and PL whereas the lowest (p < 0.05) was verified in PCO
The major finding of the present study was that BC and CO presented high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content, as well as superior nutritional quality indices (NQI), among the evaluated fish species
Summary
In order to compare species from different trophic guild, indicate those with better nutritional quality for human consumption and encourage more research in this regard to enhance the national production and worldwide consumption of Brazilian fish species, the present study aimed to evaluate the proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of fish families with high acceptance in the North and Midwest regions of Brazil. * Freshwater fish species: Brycon cephalus–BC, Cichla ocellaris–CO, Prochilodus lineatus–PL, Leporinus friderici–LF, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans– PCO ND = Not detected SFA = saturated fatty acid; MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = polyunsatutaed fatty acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; IA = Index of Atherogenicity; IT = Index of Thrombogenicity; h/H = Hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio Results are expressed as least square means ± standard deviation Different lowercase letters (a–d) indicate significant differences among fish species (p < 0.05) Different uppercase letters (A–C) indicate significant differences among the total fatty acids (p < 0.05)
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