Abstract
The analysis of the fatty acid profile of an oil is important for optimizing its use in the processing and food industries. The present work evaluated the fatty acid profile from sunflower achene oil grown in the Brazilian semi-arid region and adjacent regions. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acid contents were determined by gas chromatography (GC). An approximate 5 °C increase (from 19 °C to 24 °C) in the minimum temperature during lipid fraction (oil) formation in achenes yielded a 22.6% increase and a 21.9% decrease in the average oleic acid and linoleic acid contents (41.0% to 63.5% and 50.9% to 29.0%, respectively). The saturated fatty acids content tended to decrease as the minimum temperature increased, although the behavior depended on the environment and the tested genotypes. In general, genotypes Aguara 04 and CF 101 presented higher oleic acid and lower linoleic, palmitic and stearic acid contents than did the HELIO 250 and HELIO 251 genotypes.
Highlights
The Brazilian semi-arid region is located in the Southeastern and, especially, in the Northeastern regions of Brazil, occupying an area of 980,133 km2
The differences in oleic and linoleic acid contents between the different genotypes, environments and genotype × environment interactions were significant by the F-test (P < 0.01), indicating that the difference between genotypes should be analyzed in each environment, and the environmental effect should be evaluated for each genotype (Table 2)
An average minimum temperature increase of 5 °C during oil synthesis in achenes in these environments yielded a 22.6% increase in the average oleic acid content (41.0% to 63.5%) and an average 21.9% decrease in linoleic acid content (50.9% to 29.0%). These findings indicate that the minimum temperature influenced the sunflower achene oil fatty acid profiles in these environments, with the degree of influence depending on the growing environment
Summary
The Brazilian semi-arid region is located in the Southeastern and, especially, in the Northeastern regions of Brazil, occupying an area of 980,133 km. Linoleic and oleic acids constitute approximately 90% of the total fatty acids in sunflower achene oil (Van der Merwe, Labuschagne, Herselman, & Hugo, 2013). The former promotes a reduction in low-density lipoproteins (LDL cholesterol), contributing to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases (Farvid et al, 2014). As the analysis of the quality of an oil is important for optimizing its use in the processing and food industries, the present work aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profile of sunflower achene oil grown in the Brazilian semi-arid and adjacent regions
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