Fatty Acid, Phytosterol, and Polyamine Conjugate Profiles of Edible Oils Extracted from Corn Germ, Corn Fiber, and Corn Kernels

Abstract

AbstractThis study compared the profiles of fatty acids, phytosterols, and polyamine conjugates in conventional commercial corn oil extracted from corn germ and in two “new‐generation” corn oils: hexane‐extracted corn fiber oil and ethanol‐extracted corn kernel oil. The fatty acid compositions of all three corn oils were very similar and were unaffected by degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorization. The levels of total phytosterols in crude corn fiber oil were about tenfold higher than those in commercial corn oil, and their levels in crude corn kernel oil were more than twofold higher than in conventional corn oil. When corn kernel oil was subjected to conventional degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorization, about half of the phytosterols was removed, whereas when corn fiber oil was subjected to a gentle form of degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorization, only about 10% of the phytosterols was removed. Finally, when the levels of polyamine conjugates (diferuloylputrescine and p‐coumaroyl feruloylputrescine) were examined in these corn oils, they were only detected in the ethanol‐extracted crude corn kernel oil, confirming earlier reports that they were not extracted by hexane, and providing new information that they could be removed from ethanol‐extracted corn kernel oil by conventional degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorizing.