Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding licuri cake to lambs on the sensory characteristics, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profile of meat from lambs. Forty-four crossbred Santa Ines lambs (21.2 ± 2.70 kg body weight; 6 months old) were housed in individual pens and fed 4 experimental diets, containing 0, 8, 16 or 24% licuri cake (DM basis). The averages concentrations of ash (11.4), pH (5.82), lightness (38.1), cooking loss (26.8) or shear-force resistance (2.48) of lamb meat were not affected by the licuri cake diets. However, there was a linear decrease (P < 0.01) of redness and chroma indexes, lipid and protein contents, whereas the moisture content of the meat (P < 0.001) increased linearly due to the inclusion of licuri cake in lambs’ diets. The licuri cake inclusion in the lambs feed linearly increased (P < 0.05) the fatty acids concentrations of C12:0, C17:0, C20:0, C20:1, C18:3, C20:3, C20:4 and ΣPUFA/ΣMUFA ratio, Σω–3 and atherogenicity index (AI). However, C18:1 cis, C20:2, C20:5, ΣMUFA, ΣMUFA/ΣSFA and Σω–6:Σω–3 ratios in the longissimus lumborum of lambs linearly decreased by licuri cake inclusion. There was a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) on C14:0 (maximum point 4.94 g/100 g FAME to 14.5% licuri inclusion), C16:1 (maximum point 8.59 g/100 g FAME to 10.7% licuri inclusion) and enzymatic activities of Δ9-desaturase C16 (maximum point 27.5 g/100 g FAME to 10.6% licuri inclusion) in the longissimus lumborum of lambs fed due to increased concentrations of licuri cake. However, there was a quadratic decrease (P = 0.04) in ΣPUFA/ΣSFA ratio with minimum concentration of 0.63 g/100 g FAME to 11.1% inclusion. The inclusion of licuri cake in the lambs diet did not change (P > 0.05) the concentrations of SFA C10:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C14:1, MUFA C18:1 trans, PUFA C18:2 cis, CLA, total sum of ΣSFA and ΣPUFA, desirable fatty acids (DFA), hypocholesterolemic:hypercholesterolemic index, and elongase and Δ9-desaturase C18 enzymes. Licuri cake in the lamb diet improved (P < 0.05) meat aroma, flavor and overall acceptance by consumers. Licuri cake inclusion in the diet of lambs improves sensory attributes of meat and the meat fatty acid profile becomes nutritionally healthier for the human diet because do not affect major FA of meat; however, the growth performance of finishing lambs is reduced.
Highlights
Current research seeks feeds that can replace traditional ingredients, such as corn and soybeans, with the goal of reducing costs without affecting productivity [1,2,3,4,5]
It is possible to increase lamb meat quality by decreasing concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and increasing mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs and PUFAs, respectively) content in lipid profile, increasing the formation of compounds that are beneficial to human health, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the isomer groups ω–3 and ω–6, as well as the ω–3/ω–6 ratio [4,6,8], which can decrease the risk of appearance of atherogenic plaque on arteries of meat consumers and may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease [9]
Licuri (Syagrus coronata) cake, a biodiesel byproduct of licuri oil generated from mechanical pressing during licuri fruit processing, contains approximately 24% crude protein (CP), 10% ether extract (EE), 52% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 35% g/kg acid detergent fiber (ADF) on a dry matter (DM) basis [7,10,11]
Summary
Current research seeks feeds that can replace traditional ingredients, such as corn and soybeans, with the goal of reducing costs without affecting productivity [1,2,3,4,5]. Licuri (Syagrus coronata) cake, a biodiesel byproduct of licuri oil generated from mechanical pressing during licuri fruit processing, contains approximately 24% crude protein (CP), 10% ether extract (EE), 52% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 35% g/kg acid detergent fiber (ADF) on a dry matter (DM) basis [7,10,11]. It can be used as an ingredient in the feed given to confined lambs and can increase the CP content of the meat without affecting carcass and non-carcass components [12]. The objective was to determine the effects of licuri cake inclusion on the physicochemical, FA profile and sensory characteristics of lamb meat
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