Fatty Acid, Lipid Classes and Phospholipid Molecular Species Composition of the Marine Clam Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby 1851) from Cua Lo Beach, Nghe An Province, Vietnam.

Quoc Tran,Quoc Pham,Duy Nguyen,Le Bui,Thi Le,Minh Pham,Long Bach,Tien Do,Manh Vu

doi:10.3390/molecules24050895

Abstract

This study aims to analyze compositions of fatty acids and phospholipid molecular species in the hard clams Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby, 1851) harvested from Cua Lo beach, Nghe An province, Viet Nam. Total lipid of hard clams Meretrix lyrata occupied 1.7 ± 0.2% of wet weight and contained six classes: hydrocarbon and wax (HW), triacylglycerol (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA), sterol (ST), polar lipid (PoL), and monoalkyl diacylglycerol (MADAG). Among the constituents, the proportion of PoL accounted was highest, at 45.7%. In contrast, the figures for MADAG were lowest, at 1.3%. Twenty-six fatty acids were identified with the ratios of USAFA/SAFA was 2. The percentage of n-3 PUFA (ω-3) and n-6 PUFA (ω-6) was high, occupying 38.4% of total FA. Among PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) accounted for 3.8%, 7.8%, 2.2% and 12.0% of total lipid of the clam respectively. Phospholipid molecular species were identified in polar lipids of the clams consisting six types: phosphatidylethalnolamine (PE, with 28 molecular species), phosphatidylcholine (PC, with 26 molecular species), phosphatidylserine (PS, with 18 molecular species), phosphatidylinositol (PI, with 10 molecular species), phosphatidylglycerol (PG, with only one molecular species), and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP, with 15 molecular species). This is the first time that the molecular species of sphingophospholipid were determined, in Meretrix lyrata in particular, and for clams in general. Phospholipid formula species of PE and PS were revealed to comprise two kinds: Alkenyl acyl glycerophosphoethanolamine and Alkenyl acyl glycerophosphoserine occupy 80.3% and 81.0% of total PE and PS species, respectively. In contrast, the percentage of diacyl glycero phosphatidylcholine was twice as high as that of PakCho in total PC, at 69.3, in comparison with 30.7%. In addition, phospholipid formula species of PI and PG comprised only diacyl glycoro phospholipids. PE 36:1 (p18:0/18:1), PC 38:6 (16:0/22:6), PS 38:1 (p18:0/20:1), PI 40:5 (20:1/20:4), PG 32:0 (16:0/16:0) and CAEP 34:2 (16:2/d18:0) were the major molecular species.

Highlights

Investigation on marine and freshwater two-part shell mollusks has been growing rapidly due to their rich nutritional value, variety of biofunctions, potent activities, and most importantly, ease of exploitation [1,2,3,4]
1 andofTable was similar to thatThe of other clams investigated of Total lipid (TL) of Meretrix lyrata
The colonies of the clams were collected in May 2017 in Cua Lo beach, Cua Lo town, Nghe An

Summary

Introduction

Investigation on marine and freshwater two-part shell mollusks has been growing rapidly due to their rich nutritional value, variety of biofunctions, potent activities, and most importantly, ease of exploitation [1,2,3,4]. The mollusk, especially bivalve mollusks, is widely consumed in Asian countries, providing high protein content, sugars, lipids, especially omega-3-fatty acids and essential amino acids, vitamin B12 and essential elements including iron, zinc and copper. Among these constituents, phospholipids and fatty acids play a major role in the functions of the immune system and the maintenance all hormonal systems of the organism. Phospholipids and fatty acids play a major role in the functions of the immune system and the maintenance all hormonal systems of the organism These important functionalities promote the development of new and more efficient extraction methods for mass production and commercialization of clams

Objectives

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Results

Conclusion