Abstract
Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria species are associated with increased SCFA production, reported high-fat diet rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as low-fat diets rich in long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). SCFAs play a key role in health promotion and prevention and, reduction and reversion of metabolic syndromes in the host. Furthermore, in this review, we discussed the type of fatty acids and their amount, including the administration time and their interplay with gut microbiota and its results about health or several metabolic dysbioses undergone by hosts.
Highlights
Fatty acids (FAs) are the principal components of triacylglycerols found in oils and fats, which are the second primary source of dietary energy for humans [1]
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of fatty acid intake and gut microbiota composition for host health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbioses through the compilation of several scientific articles published in the last five years related to studies with animal models and human subjects
The natural sources of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are human milk (9–15%) and virgin coconut oil (61%), presenting higher composition compared with infant formula (8–42%) [37,38,58,59]
Summary
Fatty acids (FAs) are the principal components of triacylglycerols found in oils and fats, which are the second primary source of dietary energy for humans [1]. TThhee SSCCFFAAss pprroodduucceedd iinn tthhee ccoolloonn aarree iimmmmeeddiiaatteellyy aabbssoorrbbeedd aanndd ffuurrnniisshh eenneerrggyy ffoorr ccoolloonnooccyytteess,, aanndd tthheerermemaianiinnigngSCSFCAFsAasreairmemimedmiaetdeliyatienlcyoripnocorartpeodraintetodthinethoepthaetichpeporattaicl vpeoinrtbayl pvaesinsivbeydipffausssiiovne diffusion and active transport mechanisms and contribute to the optimal function of several organs [20,21,22]. Studies have demonstrated that the energy furnished to the host from diet intake is associated with modulation of the gut microbiota composition and leads to SCFA production [23,24,25,26]. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of fatty acid intake and gut microbiota composition for host health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbioses (e.g., coronary heart diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus) through the compilation of several scientific articles published in the last five years related to studies with animal models and human subjects
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