Fatty acid constituents and anticancer activity of <i>Cladophora fracta</i> (OF Müller ex Vahl) Kützing

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the fatty acid constituents and anticancer effect of Cladohora fracta Methods: Cladophora fracta (O.F. Muller ex Vahl) Kutzing was collected from natural ponds in Tokat, Turkey. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of methanol and hexane extracts of C. fracta were investigated on human colon carcinoma (HT29) and non-tumorigenic African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell lines using BrdU cell proliferation enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test, respectively. The fatty acid composition of hexane extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Oleic acid, palmitic acid, gamma-linoleic acid and linoleic acid were the main constituents of C. fracta . The methanol extract exhibited strong antiproliferative activity on HT29 and Vero cell lines ( p < 0.05). The hexane extract revealed its good antiproliferative activity at high concentrations on both cell lines. Cytotoxicity results showed that both methanol and hexane extract had low effect on HT29 cell at low concentrations. Conclusion: Due to the strong antiproliferative effect of C. fracta methanol extract on HT29 and Vero cell lines, it has potential anticancer properties and recommended for further development as such. Keywords: Cladophora fracta , Antiproliferative activity, Anti-cancer, Cytotoxic effect, Fatty acid