Fatty-Acid composition of free-choice starter broiler diets

Am Kessler,Mm Vieira,Ds Lubisco,Am Penz Jr,Aml Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/s1516-635x2009000100006

Am Kessler, Mm Vieira + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-635x2009000100006

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Abstract

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the inclusion of vegetable oils with different fatty acid content in starter and pre-starter broiler diets. In Experiment I 480 1- to 9-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were fed diets containing corn oil (CO), acid corn oil (ACO), linseed oil (LO) or coconut fat (CoF). Chicks were distributed according to a factorial 2x2x2arrangement (2 free fatty acids - FFA ) x (2 n6:n3 ratios) x (2 medium-chain fatty acids levels - AGMC). Performance responses and dry matter (DMM), crude protein (CPM), and crude fat (CFM) metabolizability were evaluated. In Experiment II, 480 1- to 20-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were offered the free choice of 2 different diets: with no fat addition, or with 10% addition of the following fat sources: CO, LO, CoF, soybean soapstock (SBS), acid soybean oil (ASO), or acid cottonseed oil (ACtO). Performance responses and diet selection were evaluated. In experiment I, there were no significant effects of the diets on performance, DMM, or CPM; however, the inclusion of FFA depressed CFM. In experiment II, there was a marked preference of birds of the diets with fat inclusion, leading to the selection of diets with more than 3100 kcal/kg ME in the period of 1 to 20 days, independently of fat source. The broilers selected the high fat and energy diets since the first days of age, which resulted in better bird performance.

Highlights

The inclusion of fats in feeds positively influences broiler performance (Vieira et al, 2002; Pucci et al, 2003), and enhances feed palatability (NRC, 1994)
The composition of the fatty acids added to diets affects body fat composition in broilers (Waldroup & Waldroup, 2005), and body fat growth pattern can be modified by dietary fat (Crespo & Esteve-Garcia, 2002)
No significant differences were observed in DMM or CPM; CFM decreased when broilers were fed free fatty acids derived from acid corn oil

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The inclusion of fats in feeds positively influences broiler performance (Vieira et al, 2002; Pucci et al, 2003), and enhances feed palatability (NRC, 1994). The increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in broiler diets causes weight gain depression and worse feed conversion ratio, as well as reductions in fat and fatty acids digestibility and energy metabolizability (Zollitsch et al, 1997; Dänicke et al, 2000). Diets with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content promote lower body fat deposition (Crespo & Esteve-Garcia, 2002). It is known that pre-starter broiler performance is positively influenced by feeds containing 3000 kcal ME/kg (Vieira et al, 2006); high ME values during this stage promote an increase in carcass fat deposition (Zanusso et al, 1999). This study aimed at studying the effects of the inclusion of vegetable oils with different fatty acid composition in pre-starter broiler diets on live performance and nutrient metabolizability, as well as to determine adequate dietary metabolizable energy level for the starter phase using free-choice feeding

MATERIALS AND METHODS

With oil

Findings

Acid cottonseed oil