Fatty acid composition and dynamics of selected fungal-feeding nematodes and fungi

Abstract

Fatty acid profiles of fungal-feeding nematodes, Aphelenchus avenae and Aphelenchoides composticola, and selected fungi were determined in microcosm cultures of agar, broth, or sand amended with organic matter. Fatty acids of A. avenae and A. composticola included 16:0 18:0, 18:1ω7, 18:1ω9, 18:2, 20:0, 20:1, 20:2, 20:3 and 20:4 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFAs). The nematodes differed in relative amounts of saturated and C 18 fatty acids. Similar C 16 and C 18 PLFAs and whole-cell fatty acids were found in Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma sp. with 18:2ω6 as the major component. The C 20 fatty acids were not found in these fungi. Although only present in the nematodes, C 20 PLFAs were only detected when nematode population levels were ≥22 per gram of sand, suggesting that there is a detection threshold that might limit their use as biomarkers in the soil community. After removal of nematodes from a food source, the relative amount of C 20 PLFAs (structural components of nematode cell membranes) decreased more slowly than the C 16 and C 18 PLFAs, which may have reflected ingested fungal cytoplasm in the nematode intestine. In the early stage of organic matter decomposition, total and fungal PLFAs were lower in the presence of A. composticola then in its absence at C:N ratios ≥30:1.