Fatores associados à depressão em homens e mulheres presos

Maíra Mendes dos Santos,Sérgio Baxter Andreoli,Claudia Renata dos Santos Barros

doi:10.1590/1980-549720190051

Maíra Mendes dos Santos, Sérgio Baxter Andreoli + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190051

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Abstract

The prevalence of depression is high in the prison system, and the differences between sex regarding associated risk factors are still not clear. We analyzed the correlated factors of depression among incarcerated men and women in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study with stratified and multi-stage probabilistic sample was performed. Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was applied for psychiatric diagnostic classification, as well as a questionnaire on criminal history with 1,192 men and 617 women. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorder was calculated, and association analysis performed by multinomial logistic regression stratified by sex. A dependent variable was categorized into depression, any other mental disorder and no mental disorder (reference). The prevalence of depression was of 33.3% -(30.3 - 36.5) in women and 12.9% (11.1 - 15.0) in men. Depression was associated with disciplinary penalty, being in a stable relationship, physical health problems and history of infringement in adolescence in men. Regarding other mental illnesses, the correlated factors were historical transgression during adolescence and re-offense. Among women, depression was associated with physical health problems, drug crimes, violent crimes and being imprisoned. Results confirmed the differences between associated factors with depression regarding sex. Differences in the profile between men and women require effective specialized programs, considering the need for coping strategies for incarcerated men and health-related rehabilitation for women with depression.

Highlights

The prevalence of depression is high in the prison system, and the differences between sex regarding associated risk factors are still not clear
Depression was associated with physical health problems, drug crimes, violent crimes and being imprisoned
Studies show that women prisoners are more vulnerable to health problems among women prisoners with mental disorders compared to prisoners without mental disorder[20].Our study showed association of physical health problems with depression and with other mental disorders among women

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of depression is high in the prison system, and the differences between sex regarding associated risk factors are still not clear. Mental illness in prison institutions as a result of prison confirnment, 1 is a public health issue recognized worldwide, especially due to the high prevalence of depression[2,3]. The conditions of incarceration expose the individual to a series of risk factors related to the development and maintenance of depressive conditions[8]. These include the breakdown of affective relationships, isolation, abrupt rupture of daily activities and idleness[9]. Studies show that the abrupt breakdown of social ties that occurs when entering a prison system, i.e, in temporary detention centers, leads to higher rates of depression than those in penitentiaries, when prisoners have already been sentenced[10,11]

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