Abstract
Surface yielding was detected by X‐ray diffraction. The surface yield strength s̀sy was significantly less than the bulk yield strength, and depends on the physical state and roughness of the surface. However s̀sy does not change with changes in surface residual stress. Determination of surface yielding, measured under static loading, indicates that a remarkable number of grains have been plastically deformed at the s̀sy stress level, which will result in damage accumulation under cyclic loading. Crack initiation predominates at the level of the fatigue endurance life for smooth parts and experiments indicate that s̀sy equals the smooth specimen fatigue limit, particularly that associated with a high survival probability.
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