Fatigue of fibre-reinforced plastics due to cryogenic thermal cycling

Abstract

Due to the different thermal expansion of the constituent materials, cyclic thermal loading of fibre reinforced plastics induces alternating stresses in the material at two scales: (1) at the microscale (level of fibre–matrix-interaction) and (2) at the macroscale (level of the multidirectional laminate). Especially the effect of the thermal-induced stresses at the microscale is not comprehensively investigated yet. In the present paper, the effects of both scales are analysed. For the investigation of the microscale effect, unidirectional laminates are thermally cycled between 293 K and 90 K up to 1000 times. Afterwards, by mechanical tests at room temperature, the elasticity and strength properties in the different material directions are determined as function of the number of thermal cycles. Additionally, thermally cycled specimens are microscopically investigated in order to observe the matrix crack forming process at thermal fatigue loading. Contrary to the expectations, no significant matrix cracking and therefore no significant reduction of the elasticity and strength properties due to the thermal cycling are observed. In order to analyse the effect of the superposition of the thermal-induced stresses on micro- and macroscale, cross-ply laminates are investigated in the same manner. In these laminates matrix cracks are detected after 1000 cycles, which, however, do not reduce the stiffness and strength of the cross-ply laminates.