Abstract
PurposeTo investigate changes in hip and knee strength, kinematics, and running variability following two energy expenditure matched training runs; a medium intensity continuous run (MICR) and a high intensity interval training session (HIIT).MethodsTwenty (10 Females, 10 Males) healthy master class runners were recruited. Each participant completed the HIIT consisting of six repetitions of 800 m with a 1:1 work: rest ratio. The MICR duration was set to match energy expenditure of the HIIT session. Hip and knee muscular strength were examined pre and post both HIIT and MICR. Kinematics and running variability for hip and knee, along with spatiotemporal parameters were assessed at start and end of each run-type. Changes in variables were examined using both 2 × 2 ANOVAs with repeated measures and on an individual level when the change in a variable exceeded the minimum detectable change (MDC).ResultsAll strength measures exhibited significant reductions at the hip and knee (P < 0.05) with time for both run-types; 12% following HIIT, 10.6% post MICR. Hip frontal plane kinematics increased post run for both maximum angle (P < 0.001) and range of motion (P = 0.003). Runners exhibited increased running variability for nearly all variables, with the HIIT having a greater effect. Individual assessment revealed that not all runners were effected post run and that following HIIT more runners had reduced muscular strength, altered kinematics and increased running variability.ConclusionRunners exhibited fatigue induced changes following typical training runs, which could potentially present risk of injury development. Group and individual assessment revealed different findings where the use of MDC is recommended over that of P-values.
Highlights
Running has been identified as one of the top five most popular leisure time physical activities worldwide (Hulteen et al, 2017)
The biggest difference in effect size between the two run-types was observed in hip adduction strength, with d = 0.51 in the high intensity interval training (HIIT) compared to d = 0.27 for medium intensity continuous run (MICR)
Individual assessment showed that more runners exhibited a drop in muscular strength greater than, or equal to, minimum detectable change (MDC) in the HIIT compared to MICR run for all strength measures except hip flexion and external rotation
Summary
Running has been identified as one of the top five most popular leisure time physical activities worldwide (Hulteen et al, 2017). The growing popularity of club recreational running has, in part, been due to community organised, small weekly 5 km running event such as the Parkrun (Wiltshire et al, 2017). There has been a concurrent increase in the incidence of running related injuries (RRI) with Linton and Valentin (2018) reporting that approximately 50% of Parkrun participants experience a type of RRI and continue running despite of the injury. Epidemiological studies have reported a RRI incidence up to 70% (Buist et al, 2010) and up to 79.3% of the injuries occur in the lower extremities, with the knee (up to 50%) the most common site of injury (Van Gent et al, 2007). Epidemiological studies have reported a RRI incidence up to 70% (Buist et al, 2010) and up to 79.3% of the injuries occur in the lower extremities, with the knee (up to 50%) the most common site of injury (Van Gent et al, 2007). Taunton et al (2003), reported that patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFP) and iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) are the two most common RRIs; both classified as overuse injuries
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