Abstract
Abstract Rubber, unvulcanized and vulcanized, is both elastic and plastic and it is generally accepted that the function of vulcanization is to decrease the plasticity rather than to develop elasticity. It is, of course, essential that unvulcanized rubber after mastication should be predominantly plastic to allow all of the usual factory processing of the unvulcanized material. Incidentally it should be mentioned that this is one of the most difficult problems connected with the synthesis of artificial rubbers, namely, to produce a rubber which is essentially plastic before vulcanization and yet predominantly elastic after vulcanization. From the point of view of theoretical conceptions, various theories have been put forward to explain the elasticity of rubber. The old mechanical analogies of elastic bags containing fluid are of historical interest only. The first theory, which was attractive in many respects, was the spiral molecule theory of Meyer and Mark, but it has since been generally recognized that it is not in agreement with many of the known facts, and the theory has been dropped.
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