Abstract

In this work, fatigue improvement through shot peening of an additive manufactured Ti–TiB block produced through Plasma Transferred Arc Solid Free-Form Fabrication (PTA-SFFF) was investigated. The microstructure and composition were explored through analytical microscopy techniques such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). To investigate the isotropic behavior within the additive manufactured Ti–TiB blocks, tensile tests were conducted in longitudinal, diagonal, and lateral directions. A consistent tensile behavior was observed for all the directions, highlighting a nearly isotropic behavior within samples. Shot peening was introduced as a postmanufacturing treatment to enhance the mechanical properties of AM specimens. Shot peening led to a localized increase in hardness at the near-surface where stress-induced twins are noted within the affected microstructure. The RBF-200 HT rotating-beam fatigue machine was utilized to conduct fatigue testing on untreated and shot-peened samples, starting at approximately 1/2 the ultimate tensile strength of the bulk material and testing within low- (<105 cycles) to high-cycle (>105 cycles) regimes. Shot-peened samples experienced significant improvement in fatigue life, increasing the fitted endurance limit from 247.8 MPa for the untreated samples to 318.3 MPa, leading to an increase in fatigue resistance of approximately 28%.

Highlights

  • Titanium (Ti) is of interest in materials research for its complex microstructural properties and alloying capabilities, making it a attractive candidate in light-weighting research due to its high strength, low density, and excellent fatigue strength, for applications requiring corrosion resistance [1,2]

  • High-magnification observations made through focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in observing the microstructure and distribution of TiB particles showed that the Ti and TiB interfaces were coherently formed (Figures 4–6)

  • The microstructural, tensile, and fatigue properties of a Ti–TiB material produced through the additive manufacturing (AM) PTA-SFFF process were investigated

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Summary

Introduction

Titanium (Ti) is of interest in materials research for its complex microstructural properties and alloying capabilities, making it a attractive candidate in light-weighting research due to its high strength, low density, and excellent fatigue strength, for applications requiring corrosion resistance [1,2]. AM processes for Ti parts offers opportunities for machining and reduction in part design lead time, in addition to providing more design freedom than conventional subtractive machining, which leads to cost savings [6]. This is relevant for aerospace [7]. As a particle reinforcement additive, TiB makes a strong candidate for its excellent crystallographic compatibility within alpha hexagonal-closed packed

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