Abstract
On the basis of the characteristics of strength, hardness, and fatigue failure resistance, we substantiate the possibility of replacement of the railroad wheels of current production by the developed high-strength wheels. We have revealed an ambiguous influence of the structure and strength level on the fatigue behavior of wheel steels depending on the presence or absence of crack-like defects in their structure. For eliminating this ambiguity, it is proposed to evaluate the endurance of steels with regard for the structural-mechanical parameter (d*). Using the Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram, we predict the safe size of a defect (the diameter of a destroyed inclusion) 2a 0 = d* = 126–186 µm under cyclic loading. Furthermore, the influence of the sizes of technological defects (of diameter up to 3 mm) on the fatigue characteristics of steels of railroad wheels has been evaluated. We have established that a decrease in the permissible size of technological defects from 3.0 to 1.5 mm will increase two to three times the fatigue durability of wheels.
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