Fatigue crack growth behaviour of tungsten carbide-cobalt hardmetals

Abstract

Fatigue crack propagation studies have been carried out on a range of WC-Co hardmetals of varying cobalt content and grain size using a constant-stress intensity factor double torsion test specimen geometry. Results have confirmed the marked influence of mean stress (throughKmax), which is interpreted in terms of “static modes” of fracture occurring in conjunction with a “true” fatigue process, the existence of which can be rationalized through the absence of any frequency effect. Dramatic increases in fatigue crack growth rate are found asKmax approaches that value of stress intensity factor (⩾ ∼0.9KIC) for which static crack growth under monotonic load (or “static fatigue”) occurs in these materials. Lower crack growth rates, however, produce fractographic features indistinguishable from those resulting from “fast” fracture. These observations, and the important effect of increasing mean free path of the cobalt binder in reducing fatigue crack growth rate, can reasonably be explained through a consideration of the mechanism of fatigue crack advance through ligament rupture of the cobalt binder at the tip of a propagating crack.