Fatigue and monotonically-loaded reinforced concrete specimens subjected to partial area loading

Abstract

The degradation of concrete structures is often due to the continuous application of compressive fatigue loads. Understanding of concrete behaviour in different environmental conditions and under especial fatigue loading arrangements, particularly in cases where the loaded area is smaller than loaded element, herein referred to as partially loaded area, is of utmost importance to make a realistic prediction of the concrete fatigue life for a reliable design of civil engineering infrastructure. This paper focuses on investigating the fatigue performance of reinforced concrete specimens subjected to partially loaded areas, considering the influences of steel fibres, reinforcement arrangement, and the environmental factor of water submergence. A typical example of a partially loaded concrete component subjected to fatigue loading is circular spread footings used as concrete foundations for typical wind turbines. In these types of elements, the compressive strength of the concrete can be enhanced due to the confinement provided by way of lateral restraint stemming from surrounding concrete and reinforcement. However, design codes primarily address static loading and lack specific criteria for fatigue loading in these partially loaded regions. To address this research gap, results from a comprehensive experimental study, which in total included 111 concrete specimens subjected to monotonic loading and 25 specimens tested under cyclic loading, were used to study this problem. The investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of steel fibres and reinforcement arrangement on both static and fatigue capacity. Additionally, the impact of submerging concrete structures in water on their fatigue performance was examined, revealing a decrease in their fatigue life. The experimental results demonstrated that the presence of steel fibres and splitting reinforcement significantly increased both static and fatigue capacity. Most current design codes neglect the environmental factor of water submergence, leading to reduced fatigue capacity in concrete structures. Consequently, the validity of the design codes DNV-OS-C502 and fib Model Code 2010 was evaluated, and a new environmental factor for partially loaded areas subjected to cyclic loading is proposed. To evaluate the experimental results and understand the mechanical response, nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted using a smeared-crack continuum modelling procedure coupled with high cycle fatigue material models to assess its applicability for estimating fatigue performance of partially loaded reinforced concrete elements. It was found that a plane stress modelling procedure was capable of estimating fatigue capacity for dry concrete components, however, overestimated the fatigue capacity of wet concrete components.