Fate of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, the Causal Organism of Bacterial Ring Rot of Potato, in Weeds and Field Crops

Abstract

Crops and weeds were tested for their ability to host Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms), the causal agent of bacterial ring rot in potato. Ten crops grown in rotation with potato in Europe, namely maize, wheat, barley, oat, bush bean, broad bean, rape, pea and onion and five cultivars of sugar beet were tested by stem and root inoculation. About 6–8 weeks after inoculation, Cms could be detected in most crops except onion and sugar beet, in larger numbers in stems (105–106 cells/g of tissue) than in roots (≤103 cells/g of tissue) in immunofluorescence cell-staining (IF). Cms was successfully re-isolated only from IF-positive stem samples of maize, bush bean, broad bean, rape and pea, but not from roots. Twelve solanaceous weeds and 13 other weeds, most commonly found in potato fields in Europe, were tested in IF as hosts of Cms by stem and root inoculations. Only in Solanum rostratum, a weed present in northern America, Cms persisted in high numbers (108 cells/g tissue) in stems and leaves, where it caused symptoms. In the other solanaceous weeds, Cms persisted at low numbers (approximately 105 cells/g of tissue) in stems but less so in roots. The bacteria could be frequently re-isolated from stem but not from root tissues. In 2 consecutive years, plants from 14 different weed species were collected from Cms-contaminated potato field plots and tested for the presence of Cms by dilution plating or immunofluorescence colony-staining (IFC), and by AmpliDet RNA, a nucleic acid-based amplification method. Cms was detected in roots but not in stems of Elymus repens plants growing through rotten potato tubers, and in some Viola arvensis and Stellaria media plants, where they were detected both in stems and roots, but more frequently by AmpliDet RNA than by IFC.