Fat Soluble Vitamins, Cholesterol, and Fatty Acid Composition of Wild and Farmed Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Consumed in Bulgaria

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe most commercially important mollusk species from the Bulgarian Black Sea is the black mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). There is limited information about fat soluble vitamins, cholesterol, and fatty acid content of the Bulgarian Black Sea mussel. The aims of the present study are to determine and compare the fat soluble vitamin contents as well as relative daily intake of vitamins, cholesterol, fatty acid content, and lipid quality indices (atherogenic, thrombogenic) in the wild and farmed black mussels. Fat soluble vitamins and cholesterol were analyzed simultaneously using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In both mussels, fat soluble vitamins A and E were in high amounts, but they were a better source of vitamin D3. Cholesterol contents were 67.54 ± 0.50 mg/100 g ww (wild) and 49.88 ± 0.30 mg/100 g ww (farmed). The fatty acid distributions of wild and farmed mussels are: saturated > polyunsaturated > monounsaturated fatty acid. The n3/n6 and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios were greater than that recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). A 100-g edible portion of both mussels contained from 0.252 g (wild) to 0.425 g (farmed) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3).