Abstract
In this review, we will first discuss the concept of bone strength and introduce how fat at different locations, including the bone marrow, directly or indirectly regulates bone turnover. We will then review the current literature supporting the mechanistic relationship between marrow fat and bone and our understanding of the relationship between body fat, body weight, and bone with emphasis on its hormonal regulation. Finally, we will briefly discuss the importance and challenges of accurately measuring the fat compartments using non-invasive methods. This review highlights the complex relationship between fat and bone and how these new concepts will impact our diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the very near future.
Highlights
We will briefly review how the definition of osteoporosis has evolved to integrate other parameters in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) measurements
At the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference in 2000, osteoporosis was defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes to an increased risk of fracture [1]
Osteoclasts are of hematopoietic origin, whereas osteoblasts originate from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [11, 14, 15]
Summary
We will briefly review how the definition of osteoporosis has evolved to integrate other parameters in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. We will review the makeup of the bone microenvironment and the distribution of fat within and outside the bone compartment. We will briefly summarize how muscle and its fat composition may have impact on bone strength
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