Abstract
This chapter discusses the Barabbas-pericope in Matthew 27 as well as Barnabas 7 and an Aramaic text from Qumran (4Q541) as attempts to apply the scapegoat ritual imagery on human beings. The main methodological point of the chapter is that if we want to read the New Testament as it was written by its authors, we have to think in Jewish categories, and Yom Kippur as well as one of its rites, the scapegoat, is one of the most important institutions of ancient Judaism. Among the early Christian texts, Barnabas 7 is a goldmine of Jewish traditions, especially with regard to the Temple. The chapter mentions a number of points that seems to be of fundamental importance for the understanding of the development of Yom Kippur in ancient Judaism and nascent Christianity. Keywords: Barnabas 7; Christianity; Jewish traditions; Judaism; Matthew 27; scapegoat; Yom Kippur
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