Abstract
We report on the image quality obtained by using fast contrast-enhanced whole-brain 4D radial MRA with 0.75-second temporal resolution, isotropic submillimeter spatial resolution, and velocity encoding (HYPRFlow). Images generated by HYPR-LR by using the velocity-encoded data as the constraining image were of diagnostic quality. In addition, we demonstrate that measurements of shear stress within the middle cerebral artery can be derived from the high-resolution 3D velocity data.
Highlights
ABBREVIATIONS: AV ϭ arteriovenous; CE-VIPR ϭ contrast-enhanced VIPR; HYPR ϭ highly constrained back-projection; HYPRFlow ϭ HYPR with phase contrast as constraint; HYPR-LR ϭ HYPR local reconstruction; MCA ϭ middle cerebral artery; MIP ϭ maximum intensity projection; MRA ϭ MR angiography; PC-VIPR ϭ phase-contrast VIPR; SNR ϭ signal intensity–to-noise ratio; VIPR ϭ vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction; WSS ϭ wall shear stress
Whole-brain 4D contrast-enhanced MRA has been previously described by using Cartesian acquisitions, partialFourier encoding, and parallel imaging with multiple coils.[1,2,3]
Radial acquisitions like 2D projection reconstruction[4,5,6] and PC-VIPR7,8 can be effective in accelerating MR angiography; image quality is limited by undersampling artifacts and decreased SNR at high acceleration factors
Summary
We aim to use MR imaging– derived WSS as a surrogate parameter that can be used to compare the heterogeneous WSS distribution
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