Abstract
This paper proposes a framework for controlling grid frequency by engaging the generation-side and demand-side resources simultaneously, via a fast transactive control approach. First, we use a proportional frequency-price relation to build and analyze a transactive frequency droop controller for a single-area power grid. Then, we develop a transactive demand response system by incorporating a large population of thermostatically controlled air conditioning loads. A proportional-integral controller is used to adjust the setpoint temperature of the air conditioners based on price variations. A battery storage system is then developed and augmented to the system to capture the energy arbitrage effects. A nonlinear price-responsive battery management system is developed to enable effective charging and discharging operations within the battery’s state-of-charge and power constraints. Simulation results indicate that the proposed transactive control system improves the steady-state and transient response of the grid to sudden perturbations in the supply and demand equilibrium. To decouple frequency from price during daily operation and maintain frequency near the nominal value, we propose adding a feedforward price broadcast signal to the control loop based on the net demand measurement. Through various simulations, we conclude that a combination of feedback transactive controller with feedforward price broadcast scheme provides an effective solution for the simultaneous generation-side and demand-side energy management and frequency control in smart power grids.
Highlights
This paper investigates an alternative solution to the load frequency control (LFC) problem in smart grids through a fast transactive approach
Additional adjustments are made in the real-time market goal of transactive frequency control in this paper is to demonstrate the possibility of using based on an improved forecast
To incorporate a demand aresponse population of thermostatically controlled air conditioning (AC) loads was added to the grid
Summary
This paper investigates an alternative solution to the load frequency control (LFC) problem in smart grids through a fast transactive approach. Reference [12] studies the optimal response of household appliances with thermostatic controllers to time-varying electricity price signals The appliances reduce their demand during peak hours and coordinate with one another to maximize the utilization of the on-site energy production such as solar power. In Reference [16], a quadratic programming-based hybrid controller is proposed to achieve the optimal TCL response to a time-varying electricity price signal, using an experimentally validated air conditioner model. Other studies investigate combining the day-ahead electricity market prices with the real-time frequency-based price adjustments [26,27] to achieve optimal transactive frequency control. These studies use different optimization schemes such as linear programming [26].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
