Abstract
Thermal runaway of single cells within a large scale lithium-ion battery is a well-known risk that can lead to critical situations if no counter measures are taken in today’s lithium-ion traction batteries for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The United Nations have published a draft global technical regulation on electric vehicle safety (GTR EVS) describing a safety feature to warn passengers in case of a thermal runaway. Fast and reliable detection of faulty cells undergoing thermal runaway within the lithium-ion battery is therefore a key factor in battery designs for comprehensive passenger safety. A set of various possible sensors has been chosen based on the determined cell thermal runaway impact. These sensors have been tested in different sized battery setups and compared with respect to their ability of fast and reliable thermal runaway detection and their feasibility for traction batteries.
Highlights
With revelation of the exhaust fume manipulation of several car manufacturers in 2015 [1,2], the need for emission free transportation is higher than ever
To ensure passenger safety in Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the United Nations released a draft on electrical vehicle safety
E. 7 c 112, II. 5.3.3 and II. 7.2.3 [8], the requirement for a functional safety mechanism is described as being able to detect the thermal runaway of a single cell within a traction battery, warn the driver about the error and give all passengers a couple minutes of time to safely leave the car before
Summary
With revelation of the exhaust fume manipulation of several car manufacturers in 2015 [1,2], the need for emission free transportation is higher than ever. 7.2.3 [8], the requirement for a functional safety mechanism is described as being able to detect the thermal runaway of a single cell within a traction battery, warn the driver about the error and give all passengers a couple minutes of time to safely leave the car before. Batteries 2018, 4, 16 hazardous situations occur To realize such a safety feature, it is crucial to firstly detect a thermal runaway of a single cell. The work described in this article focuses on sensors measuring direct and indirect impact of cell thermal runaway. It examines and rates different sensors on their feasibility to securely and quickly detect a thermal runaway event of a lithium-ion cell within a battery and on their ability to be deployed in commercial traction batteries
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