Fast synthesis of rare-earth (Pr3+, Sm3+, Eu3+ and Gd3+) doped bismuth ferrite powders with enhanced magnetic properties

Abstract

Rare-earth (Pr3+, Sm3+, Eu3+ and Gd3+) doped bismuth ferrite powders were synthesized for the first time by solution combustion method, which is a fast soft chemistry route for obtaining oxide powders. The materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A distortion from rhombohedral R3c symmetry, specific to pure bismuth ferrite, to orthorhombic symmetry was observed for all doped samples. The SEM analysis of pure and doped bismuth ferrite powders showed the formation of sintered grains, with faceted cuboids-shaped particles with different size and lower average dimension in the case of doped samples. Magnetic properties were analyzed using SQUID magnetometry, M–H hysteresis loops being measured at 10K and 300K. All studied pure and doped bismuth ferrite samples presented high susceptibility values for high magnetic fields indicating strong antiferromagnetic interactions, whereas the behavior at low magnetic field demonstrates the existence of ferromagnetic coupling.Compared to BiFeO3, Bi0.9RE0.1FeO3 (RE=Pr, Sm, Eu and Gd) powders exhibit higher susceptibility, remanence and coercivity values, Bi0.9Eu0.1FeO3 sample displaying the highest remanence and coercivity at room temperature.