Abstract
In this work, the problem of computationally efficient frequency scaling (re-design) of circular polarisation antennas is addressed using surrogate-assisted techniques. The task is challenging and requires the identification of the optimum geometry parameters to enable the operation of the re-designed structure at a selected (required) centre frequency. This involves handling several performance figures such as the antenna gain, the impedance bandwidth, as well as the axial ratio bandwidth. The design technique described here involves two types of surrogate models: an inverse surrogate (utilised to find the initial design) and a forward surrogate of the structure response sensitivities, necessary to realise post-scaling design correction. The entire re-design process is fast and only requires a few full-wave electromagnetic simulations of the antenna. The proposed dimension scaling method is demonstrated using a patch antenna with circular polarisation fed through a branch-line coupler. The structure is re-designed within the operating frequency range of 4.5–6.5 GHz. Numerical results are validated experimentally.
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