Abstract
.Significance: Noninvasive in vivo fast pulsatile blood flow measurement in deep tissue is important because the blood flow waveform is correlated with physiological parameters, such as blood pressure and elasticity of blood vessels. Compromised blood flow may cause diseases, such as stroke, foot ulcer, and myocardial ischemia. There is great clinical demand for a portable and cost-effective device for noninvasive pulsatile blood flow measurement.Aim: A diffuse-optics-based method, diffuse speckle pulsatile flowmetry (DSPF), was developed for fast measurement () of deep tissue blood flow noninvasively. To validate its performance, both a phantom experiment and in vivo demonstration were conducted.Approach: Over the past two decades, single-mode fibers have been used as detection fibers in most diffuse-optics-based deep tissue blood flow measurement modalities. We used a multimode (MM) detection fiber with a core size of for diffused speckle pattern detection. A background intensity correction algorithm was implemented for speckle contrast calculation. The MM detection fiber helped to achieve a level of deep tissue blood flow measurement similar to that of conventional modalities, such as diffuse correlation spectroscopy and diffuse speckle contrast analysis, but it increases the measurement rate of blood flow to 300 Hz.Results: The design and implementation of the DSPF system were introduced. The theory of the background intensity correction for the diffused speckle pattern detected by the MM fiber was explained. A flow phantom was built for validation of the performance of the DSPF system. An in vivo cuff-induced occlusion experiment was performed to demonstrate the capability of the proposed DSPF system.Conclusions: An MM detection fiber can help to achieve fast () pulsatile blood flow measurement in the proposed DSPF method. The cost-effective device and the fiber-based flexible probe increase the usability of the DSPF system significantly.
Highlights
Blood flow is an important indicator of human health status
A flow phantom was built for validation of the performance of the diffuse speckle pulsatile flowmetry (DSPF) system
An in vivo cuff-induced occlusion experiment was performed to demonstrate the capability of the proposed DSPF system
Summary
Blood flow is an important indicator of human health status. Compromised blood flow may cause diseases, such as stroke,[1] foot ulcer,[2] and myocardial ischemia.[3] Several optical technologies have been developed for blood flow measurement. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) methods[4,5] have been developed for wide-field blood flow imaging of superficial tissue (∼1 mm).[5] It is a powerful tool for visualization of blood vessels. The penetration depth limits its applications in deep tissue blood flow measurement. Since biological tissue is a highly scattering medium for light, several diffuse optical methods have been developed for blood flow
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