Abstract
As the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication is utilizing millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure emitted from a 5G mmWave mobile handset should be evaluated and compliant with the relevant EMF exposure limits in terms of peak spatial-average incident power density (PD). In this work, a fast PD assessment method for a 5G mmWave mobile handset using the equivalent current (EQC) method is proposed. The EQC method utilizes the intermediate-field (IF) data collected by a spherical measurement system to reconstruct the EQCs over a reconstruction surface and then computes the PD in close proximity of the mobile handset with acceptable accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a mmWave mobile handset mock-up equipped with four quasi-Yagi antennas. The assessed PD results are compared with those computed using full-wave simulations and also those measured with a planar near-field (NF) scanning system. In addition, three influencing factors related to the accuracy of the EQC method, namely, the angular resolution, the phase error, and the handset position in the IF measurements, are also analyzed. The proposed method is a good candidate for fast PD assessment of EMF exposure compliance testing in the mmWave frequency range.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONSame as the previous generations of mobile communication technologies, radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from a 5G mmWave mobile handset is required to comply with the relevant exposure limits [2]–[5]
T HE fifth-generation (5G) communication technology is coming into commercial use
This paper mainly focuses on the applicability and requirements of the equivalent currents (EQC) method for the power density (PD) assessment, while in the future, a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis is required considering the sources of uncertainty from the measurement equipment
Summary
Same as the previous generations of mobile communication technologies, radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from a 5G mmWave mobile handset is required to comply with the relevant exposure limits [2]–[5]. Using probes based on the pseudo-vector sensor design, a PD measurement method to reconstruct PD with the information of electric-field polarization ellipse is presented in [22]. This technique is used in the first commercial PD measurement system [23]. [41] of the EQC method, the PD assessment is conducted on a 5G mmWave mobile handset mock-up (DUT in this work) equipped with four quasi-Yagi antennas. Some factors influencing the accuracy of the PD assessed with the EQC method are analyzed, including the angular resolution, the phase error, and the DUT position in the IF measurements
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