Abstract
Lead is a particularly toxic heavy metal that is present above acceptable levels in the water of many countries. This article describes a quick detection method of lead(II) ions using a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based ion-selective membrane electrode containing an acridono-crown ether ionophore by potentiometry. The electrochemical cell exhibits a Nernstian response for lead(II) ions between the concentration range of 10−4 to 10−2 M, and can be used in the pH range of 4–7. The applicability of this sensor was verified by measuring a multicomponent aqueous sample. Under the given conditions, this electrode is suitable for the selective quantitative analysis of lead(II) ions in the presence of many additional metal ions.
Highlights
Lead is a widely used heavy metal
We were motivated to synthesize a new, lead-selectiveether-type acridononeutral ionophore,neutral which could be incorporated intobea incorporated polyvinyl chloride membrane of a crown ether-type ionophore, which could into a(PVC)-based polyvinyl chloride (PVC)potentiometric electrode
Ionophore rac-4 rac-4 could be studiedStudies using of UV-Vis spectroscopy by adding different metal salts in a molar ratio of 10:1 to the solution of the ligand
Summary
Lead is a widely used heavy metal. Its use extends to acid batteries, solder, alloys, cable sheathing, pigments, rust inhibitors, ammunition, glazes, and plastic stabilizers [1], so we must pay close attention to its effects on the environment and living organisms. Many spectroscopic methods have been developed so far for heavy metal detection [8,9,10,11,12,13] These days, inductively coupled plasma-based optical and mass spectroscopic techniques are the most commonly used methods for simultaneous multi-element analysis. These methods provide unparalleled sensitivity and low detection limit under laboratory conditions, they require complicated instrumentation and specially trained personnel. Motivated to synthesize a new, lead-selective acridono-crown heteroaromatic tricyclic. We were motivated to synthesize a new, lead-selectiveether-type acridononeutral ionophore,neutral which could be incorporated intobea incorporated polyvinyl chloride membrane of a crown ether-type ionophore, which could into a(PVC)-based polyvinyl chloride (PVC)potentiometric electrode.
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