Abstract
The fast Padé transform (FPT) is a method of spectral analysis that can be used to reconstruct nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from truncated free induction decay signals with superior robustness and spectral resolution compared with conventional Fourier analysis. The aim of this study is to show the utility of FPT in reducing of the scan time required for hyperpolarized 13C chemical shift imaging (CSI) without sacrificing the ability to resolve a full spectrum. Simulations, phantom, and in vivo hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate CSI data were processed with FPT and compared with conventional analysis methods. FPT shows improved stability and spectral resolution on truncated data compared with the fast Fourier transform and shows results that are comparable to those of the model-based fitting methods, enabling a reduction in the needed acquisition time in 13C CSI experiments. Using FPT can reduce the readout length in the spectral dimension by 2-6 times in 13C CSI compared with conventional Fourier analysis without sacrificing the spectral resolution. This increased speed is crucial for 13C CSI because T1 relaxation considerably limits the available scan time. In addition, FPT can also yield direct quantification of metabolite concentration without the additional peak analysis required in conventional Fourier analysis.
Highlights
Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance (MR) with Dissolution-Dynamic Nuclear Polarization is a clinically emerging technique, and it shows great promise in investigating diseases of metabolic dysregulation such as cancer and heart diseases [1]
No prior knowledge is required for identification of the genuine frequencies, as the Froissart doublet assumption is valid in the noiseless situation
fast Padé transform (FPT) reconstructs similar images compared with the IDEAL method, and it is able to separate the 2 phantoms even with very high acceleration
Summary
Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance (MR) with Dissolution-Dynamic Nuclear Polarization is a clinically emerging technique, and it shows great promise in investigating diseases of metabolic dysregulation such as cancer and heart diseases [1]. Because the T1 relaxation rate of hyperpolarized 13C places an ultimate limit on the time of acquisition of CSI data (forming a window of 50-80 seconds in vivo) [2, 3], spectroscopic 13C imaging is typically performed with a multipoint Dixon approach [4] to limit the number of time points required for spectral analysis. This approach requires a priori knowledge of the number and spectral location of spectral peaks expected to be present in the spectrum. The acquisition time necessary to obtain full spectra with adequate resolution from spatially resolved voxels represents a significant limitation in hyperpolarized 13C imaging
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