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Abstract
A second-order method for optimal load-flow under an emergency mode of operation is presented. The load-flow under emergency conditions is viewed as an optimisation problem in which 'inconvenience' experienced by customers, due to variation in supply voltage and load curtailment, is minimized subject to the system power-flow equations and the limits on real and reactive power generation and voltages. The limits on line flows are also considered. The method is based on recurring the factorization of the Hessian metrices. For large systems it is quite costly to compute analytically the Hessian matrices in each iteration. In this method the calculation of the Hessian matrices is avoided by approximating it using the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell update. Numerical examples are given. An analysis of convergence characteristics of the method is presented. The merits and demerits of the method are discussed.
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