Fast ion conduction and stable [Na-Si-P] glass-ceramic solid electrolyte mixed with hafnium and scandium ions: Application to Na-ion full cell

Abstract

NASICON type glass and glass-ceramic electrolyte materials have become very attractive choices recently to integrate into any Na+ ion storage system. This investigates glass and glass-ceramic electrolytes using the formula: 45(Na2O + NaF)-10SiO2-35P2O5-(10-x)HfO2-xSc2O3 (labeled as [NSP]90(10-x)HfScx; x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mol%) via the high energy mechanical milling followed by heat treating for different schedules. The thermal stability parameter (ΔT = Tc-Tg) and bulk conductivity are obtained to be highest for [NSP]90(10-x)HfScx glass electrolyte before and after heat treatment. XRD results revealed of Glass-ceramic powder that NASICON type Na3Sc2(PO4)3 and triclinic Na2HfSi2O7 major crystalline phases, which are reported to be highly conductive and stable. [NSP]90Hf4Sc6 −12 h glass-ceramic electrolyte stabilizes more against Na- metal than its corresponding [NSP]90 (10-x)HfScx glass electrolyte. The lowest interfacial resistance of [NSP]90Hf4Sc6 −12 h is observed than its pristine ell, directly ascribes the compatibility of Na metal-[NSP]90Hf4Sc6-12 h/Na electrolyte combination. The irreversible capacity and stability of full cell NVMP/[NSP]90Hf4Sc6/NVZn is also explored in light of the oxidation and redox reaction behavior.