Abstract
The axion objects such as axion miniclusters and axion clouds around spinning black holes induce parametric resonances of electromagnetic waves through the axion-photon interaction. In particular, it has been known that the resonances from the axion with the mass around ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ may explain the observed fast radio bursts (FRBs). Here we argue that similar bursts of high frequency gravitational waves, which we call fast gravitational wave bursts (FGBs), are generated from axion clumps with the presence of gravitational Chern-Simons (CS) coupling. The typical frequency is half of the axion mass, which in general can range from kHz to GHz. We also discuss the secondary gravitational wave production associated with FRB, as well as the possible host objects of the axion clouds, such as primordial black holes with typical masses around ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$. Future detections of FGBs together with the observed FRBs are expected to provide more evidence for the axion.
Highlights
The first observation of the gravitational waves has started a new era for astrophysics, cosmology and even particle physics
We study a scenario that high energy bursts or periodic bursts of gravitational waves can be generated around the axion objects, including axion miniclusters and axion clouds around the black holes, with the gravitational Chern-Simons (CS) couplings between axionlike particle and gravitons [35,36]
We have studied the gravitational wave bursts from the CS coupling with axion and graviton as well as the associated fast gravitational wave bursts (FGBs) from fast radio bursts (FRBs) sources without the CS term, though we only performed the calculation on the flat background to demonstrate the features of the signals
Summary
The first observation of the gravitational waves has started a new era for astrophysics, cosmology and even particle physics. It was later realized that there can be more axionlike pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons related to various global symmetry in UV theories [12,13] If this spontaneous breaking of global symmetry happened before or during inflation, the axion field value can be considered homogenous across the observed Universe, except for small isocurvature and density perturbations. We do a similar analysis with the gravitational CS coupling and the gravitational wave production from the drastic axion/ photon energy oscillation and discuss their properties on the frequencies, strains, duration, and the energy released Such bursts have distinct signatures and interesting consequences and we can look for them with proposed different types of gravitational wave detectors [1,2]. In Appendix B we calculate the gravitational waves induced by gravitational CS couplings on a at background and discuss various features of such gravitational waves
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