Fast Fourier transformation with continuous cyclic voltammetry at an Au microelectrode for the determination of morphine in a flow injection system

Abstract

For the fast morphine monitoring in flow injection systems a highly sensitive method is being introduced in this work. The fast Fourier transformation with continuous cyclic voltammetry (FFTCV) in a flowing solution as a detection system was applied for the prompt morphine monitoring. Here it should be stressed that this technique is simple, precise, accurate, time saving and economical. This research includes the observation of the effects of various parameters on the sensitivity of the detection system. Eventually, it was concluded that the best condition was obtained within the pH value of 2, scan rate value of 40 V s −1, accumulation potential of 400 mV and accumulation time of 0.6 s. In detail, the noteworthy advantages which this method illustrates in comparison with other reported methods are the following; no necessity for the oxygen removal from the test solution, a sub-nano molar detection limit and the fast determination of any such compound in a wide variety of chromatographic methods. The method proved to be linear over the concentration range of 285–305,300 pg mL −1 ( r = 0.999) with a detection limit and a quantitation limit of 95.5 and 285 pg mL −1, respectively. Consequently, the method illustrates the requisite accuracy, sensitivity, precision and selectivity to assay morphine in its tablets and biological fluids.