Abstract
Vital signs are included in the determination of shock secondary to hemorrhage; however, more granular predictors are needed. We hypothesized that fast Fourier transformation (FFT) would have a greater percent change after hemorrhage than heart rate (HR) or systolic blood pressure (SBP). Using a porcine model, nine 17 kg pigs were hemorrhaged 10% of their calculated blood volume. Peripheral venous pressure waveforms, HR and SBP were collected at baseline and after 10% blood loss. FFT was performed on the peripheral venous pressure waveforms and the peak between 1 and 3 hertz (f1) corresponded to HR. To normalize values for comparison, percent change was calculated for f1, SBP, and HR. The mean percent change for f1 was an 18.8% decrease; SBP was a 3.31% decrease; and HR was a 0.95% increase. Using analysis of variance, FFT at f1 demonstrates a statistically significant greater change than HR or SBP after loss of 10% of circulating blood volume (p = 0.0023). Further work is needed to determine if this could be used in field triage to guide resuscitation.
Highlights
Hemorrhage is the leading preventable cause of death in the casualty care setting.[1,2] Recognition of occult hemorrhage and goal-directed fluid resuscitation has remained elusive resulting in delayed triage and poor management of patients with acute blood loss.[3]
We hypothesized that the Fourier transformation (FFT) of the peripheral venous pressure (PVP) waveforms would have a greater percent change in hemorrhage than heart rate (HR) or systolic blood pressure (SBP)
We calculated an 18.8% decrease for f1, a 3.31% decrease for SBP, and a 0.95% increase for HR
Summary
Hemorrhage is the leading preventable cause of death in the casualty care setting.[1,2] Recognition of occult hemorrhage and goal-directed fluid resuscitation has remained elusive resulting in delayed triage and poor management of patients with acute blood loss.[3]. We hypothesized that the FFT of the peripheral venous pressure (PVP) waveforms would have a greater percent change in hemorrhage than heart rate (HR) or systolic blood pressure (SBP)
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